Vegetarian diet and health problems
Craig advised vegans to eat fortified foods or take supplements, and warned that iron and zinc may be problematic because of limited bioavailability. A 2007 report based on the Oxford cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, which began in 1993, suggested that vegans have an increased risk of bone fractures over meat eaters and vegetarians, likely because of lower dietary calcium intake. According to a 2015 systematic review, there is little evidence available about vegetarian and vegan diets during pregnancy, and a lack of randomized studies meant that the effects of diet could not be distinguished from confounding factors. The total number of vegans around the world is unknown. Some of these are chemical compounds which can be derived from animal products, from plants, or from petrochemicals. Further information: Human iron metabolism, Iron supplement, and Iron deficiency. Most vegan diets contain little or no vitamin D without fortified food. When the request was turned down, Donald Watson, secretary of the Leicester Vegetarian Society, set up a new quarterly newsletter, Vegan News, in November 1944, priced tuppence. Those nanny goats, ewes and sows which are with young or giving milk to their young are protected, and so are young ones less than six months old. Allantoin, lactic acid, retinol and squalene, for example, can be vegan. Semi-vegetarian diets consist largely of vegetarian foods, but may include fish or poultry, or sometimes other meats, on an infrequent basis. Rice and beans is a common vegan protein combination. Ergocalciferol (D2) is derived from ergosterol from UV-exposed mushrooms or yeast and is suitable for vegans. Raw veganism is a diet that combines the concepts of veganism and raw foodism. The extent to which sun exposure is sufficient depends on the season, time of day, cloud and smog cover, skin melanin content, and whether sunscreen is worn. Some vegans also avoid other animal products such as beeswax, leather or silk clothing, and goose-fat shoe polish. A raw vegan diet includes raw vegetables and fruits, nuts and nut pastes, grain and legume sprouts, seeds, plant oils, sea vegetables, herbs, mushrooms, and fresh juices. Further information: Calcium in biology, Calcium carbonate, Calcium citrate, and Disorders of calcium metabolism. A variety of vegan and vegetarian deli foods. However, veganism appears to be growing in Iceland, with more vegetarian and vegan products having become available between 2000 and 2015. Vitamin B 12 is a bacterial product needed for cell division, the formation and maturation of red blood cells, the synthesis of DNA, and normal nerve function. Other vegan foods have also grown in sales. Iceland: There are no official statistics on veganism in Iceland. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Animal products. Spain: There are no official statistics on veganism in Spain. The New Four Food Groups was created as an alternative to the Four Food Groups. However, they regarded a vegan diet as impractical, and were concerned that it might be an impediment to spreading vegetarianism if vegans found themselves unable to participate in social circles where no vegan food might be available. Further information: Essential fatty acid interactions, Iodine in biology, and Iodine deficiency. Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference. Elimination of the use of animal products, particularly in diet. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and Dietitians of Canada indicate that vegetarian diets may be more common among adolescents with eating disorders, but that its adoption may serve to camouflage a disorder rather than cause one. Animal ingredients are ubiquitous because they are cheap. For types of vegetarian foods, see vegetarian cuisine.
Ovo, Lacto, Ovo-lacto, Veganism, Raw veganism, Fruitarianism, Hindu vegetarianism, Buddhist vegetarianism, Jain vegetarianism. For anatomically and physiologically plant-only diets in non-human animals, see herbivore. Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy. Vegans do not eat beef, pork, poultry, fowl, game, seafood, eggs, dairy products, or any other animal products, such as gelatin. There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs, and an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products. Plants not washed properly may contain B 12 from bacteria in the soil, often from faeces, and drinking water may be similarly contaminated, particularly in the developing world. In the Western world, the popularity of vegetarianism grew during the twentieth century as a result of nutritional, ethical, and more recently, environmental and economic concerns. A vegan diet excludes all animal products, including eggs, dairy, and honey. The term vegan was coined in 1944 by Donald Watson when he co-founded the Vegan Society in England. After animals are slaughtered for meat, the leftovers are put through the rendering process, and some of that material, particularly the fat, ends up in toiletries. Cocks are not to be caponized, husks hiding living beings are not to be burnt and forests are not to be burnt either without reason or to kill creatures. Different Buddhist traditions have differing teachings on diet, which may also vary for ordained monks and nuns compared to others. Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism. From the late 1970s a group of scientists in the US, including physicians Dean Ornish, Caldwell Esselstyn, Neal D. The mock meat section in Veganz, a vegan supermarket in Berlin. Some vegans will not buy woollen jumpers, silk scarves, leather shoes, bedding that contains goose down or duck feathers, ordinary soap (usually made of animal fat), or cosmetics that contain animal products. People with little sun exposure may need supplements. MyPlate is divided into five groups: grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy products (or calcium-fortified soymilk), and protein. Tahini miso soup with brown rice, turnips, squash, radishes and nori (an edible seaweed ). This article is about the deliberate diet for human beings. Vegan products in a supermarket ( Oceanside, California, 2014). The main difference between a vegan and vegetarian diet is that vegans exclude eggs and dairy products. Since 1991 the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) has recommended a no-cholesterol, low-fat vegan diet based on what they call the New Four Food Groups: fruit, legumes, grains and vegetables. This means avoiding not only meat but also egg and dairy products and other animal-derived foodstuffs. According to the National Institutes of Health, most people can obtain and store sufficient vitamin D from sunlight in the spring, summer and fall, even in the far north. Ethical vegans will not use toiletries or household cleaners that contain animal products. Further information: Vitamin D deficiency, Rickets, and Hypervitaminosis D. Increasing interest in veganism has prompted criticism and backlash from non-vegans. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Plant milk. Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life. Vitamin D (calciferol) is needed for several functions, including calcium absorption, enabling mineralization of bone, and bone growth. Ethical vegans avoid them on the premise that their production causes animal suffering and premature death. Eliminating all animal products increases the risk of deficiencies of vitamins B 12 and D, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids. There are a number of vegetarian diets that exclude or include various foods.
